automation

What is automation?

Automation describes a range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes.

Human intervention is minimized by predefining decision criteria, human process relationships and related actions, and representing those predefined in machines.

Automation uses control systems and information technology to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization.

Automation includes the use of various equipment and control systems such as machinery, plant processes, boilers, heat treatment plants, telephone network switching, steering and stabilization of ships, machinery and equipment. flying and other applications and means of minimizing human intervention.

Automation covers applications ranging from household thermostats controlling boilers, to large industrial control systems with tens of 1000 input measurements and output control signals. Automation has also found space in the banking sector. In terms of control complexity, it can range from simple toggle controls to high-end algorithms. Unloading in the simplest type of automatic control room, the controller compares the measured value in the process with the desired solid value and processes the resulting error signal to change some input to the process. , in the following way for the process to remain at its solid point despite disturbances. This balloon control is a negative feedback application to a system. The mathematical basis of control theory began in the 18th century and developed rapidly into the 20th century.

Automation has been achieved by a variety of means including mechanical, hydraulic, compression, electrical, electronic and computer equipment, often in combination. Complex systems, such as modern factories, airplanes, and ships often use all of these techniques in combination. The benefits of automation include labor savings, waste reduction, electricity cost savings, material cost savings, and quality and accuracy improvements.

The essence of automation:

The system controls a device or a set of devices to manage, command, direct and adjust the behavior of other system devices. Industrial Control Systems (ICS) includes several types of control systems used in industrial production including supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, distributed control systems ( DCS) and other smaller control system configurations such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs) usually found in critical infrastructure and industrial sectors.

Numerical control (NC) refers to the automation of machine tools operated by abstract programmed instructions coded on storage media, as opposed to manual control via cranks or levers. lever, or automatic mechanical via cam.

Robotics - the branch of technology concerned with the design, construction, operation, structural layout, production and application of robots and computer systems for control, sensory feedback, and information processing.